Why doesn't Newton's third law mean a person bounces back to where they started when they hit the ground?












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Why doesn't a person bounce back after falling down like a ball? If we push a person and he falls down then why doesn't he come back to its initial position. Although according to Newton's 3rd law of motion: To every action there is always equal but opposite reaction. If we take the example of ball then it comes back with the same force as it falls down.But in the case of a human body, this law is not applicable. Why?










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nameera jabeen is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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  • $begingroup$
    Related: physics.stackexchange.com/q/45653/2451 and links therein.
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic
    13 hours ago






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    A ball does not come back with exactly the same force: youtube.com/watch?v=xXXF2C-vrQE
    $endgroup$
    – StrongBad
    9 hours ago








  • 2




    $begingroup$
    The law applies to human bodies. But the law doesn't apply to energy. It applies to force. Force isn't the same thing as energy. It isn't force that's gone missing here. It's energy. Ask where the energy went. We have conservation of energy so it's gotta be here somewhere.
    $endgroup$
    – candied_orange
    8 hours ago


















10












$begingroup$


Why doesn't a person bounce back after falling down like a ball? If we push a person and he falls down then why doesn't he come back to its initial position. Although according to Newton's 3rd law of motion: To every action there is always equal but opposite reaction. If we take the example of ball then it comes back with the same force as it falls down.But in the case of a human body, this law is not applicable. Why?










share|cite|improve this question









New contributor




nameera jabeen is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.







$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Related: physics.stackexchange.com/q/45653/2451 and links therein.
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic
    13 hours ago






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    A ball does not come back with exactly the same force: youtube.com/watch?v=xXXF2C-vrQE
    $endgroup$
    – StrongBad
    9 hours ago








  • 2




    $begingroup$
    The law applies to human bodies. But the law doesn't apply to energy. It applies to force. Force isn't the same thing as energy. It isn't force that's gone missing here. It's energy. Ask where the energy went. We have conservation of energy so it's gotta be here somewhere.
    $endgroup$
    – candied_orange
    8 hours ago
















10












10








10





$begingroup$


Why doesn't a person bounce back after falling down like a ball? If we push a person and he falls down then why doesn't he come back to its initial position. Although according to Newton's 3rd law of motion: To every action there is always equal but opposite reaction. If we take the example of ball then it comes back with the same force as it falls down.But in the case of a human body, this law is not applicable. Why?










share|cite|improve this question









New contributor




nameera jabeen is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.







$endgroup$




Why doesn't a person bounce back after falling down like a ball? If we push a person and he falls down then why doesn't he come back to its initial position. Although according to Newton's 3rd law of motion: To every action there is always equal but opposite reaction. If we take the example of ball then it comes back with the same force as it falls down.But in the case of a human body, this law is not applicable. Why?







newtonian-mechanics forces conservation-laws collision free-body-diagram






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nameera jabeen is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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share|cite|improve this question









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nameera jabeen is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited 2 hours ago









Aaron Stevens

14.5k42453




14.5k42453






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nameera jabeen is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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asked 14 hours ago









nameera jabeennameera jabeen

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593




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nameera jabeen is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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New contributor





nameera jabeen is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






nameera jabeen is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.












  • $begingroup$
    Related: physics.stackexchange.com/q/45653/2451 and links therein.
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic
    13 hours ago






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    A ball does not come back with exactly the same force: youtube.com/watch?v=xXXF2C-vrQE
    $endgroup$
    – StrongBad
    9 hours ago








  • 2




    $begingroup$
    The law applies to human bodies. But the law doesn't apply to energy. It applies to force. Force isn't the same thing as energy. It isn't force that's gone missing here. It's energy. Ask where the energy went. We have conservation of energy so it's gotta be here somewhere.
    $endgroup$
    – candied_orange
    8 hours ago




















  • $begingroup$
    Related: physics.stackexchange.com/q/45653/2451 and links therein.
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic
    13 hours ago






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    A ball does not come back with exactly the same force: youtube.com/watch?v=xXXF2C-vrQE
    $endgroup$
    – StrongBad
    9 hours ago








  • 2




    $begingroup$
    The law applies to human bodies. But the law doesn't apply to energy. It applies to force. Force isn't the same thing as energy. It isn't force that's gone missing here. It's energy. Ask where the energy went. We have conservation of energy so it's gotta be here somewhere.
    $endgroup$
    – candied_orange
    8 hours ago


















$begingroup$
Related: physics.stackexchange.com/q/45653/2451 and links therein.
$endgroup$
– Qmechanic
13 hours ago




$begingroup$
Related: physics.stackexchange.com/q/45653/2451 and links therein.
$endgroup$
– Qmechanic
13 hours ago




3




3




$begingroup$
A ball does not come back with exactly the same force: youtube.com/watch?v=xXXF2C-vrQE
$endgroup$
– StrongBad
9 hours ago






$begingroup$
A ball does not come back with exactly the same force: youtube.com/watch?v=xXXF2C-vrQE
$endgroup$
– StrongBad
9 hours ago






2




2




$begingroup$
The law applies to human bodies. But the law doesn't apply to energy. It applies to force. Force isn't the same thing as energy. It isn't force that's gone missing here. It's energy. Ask where the energy went. We have conservation of energy so it's gotta be here somewhere.
$endgroup$
– candied_orange
8 hours ago






$begingroup$
The law applies to human bodies. But the law doesn't apply to energy. It applies to force. Force isn't the same thing as energy. It isn't force that's gone missing here. It's energy. Ask where the energy went. We have conservation of energy so it's gotta be here somewhere.
$endgroup$
– candied_orange
8 hours ago












3 Answers
3






active

oldest

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47












$begingroup$

Newton's third law just says when the person is hitting the floor the force the person exerts on the ground is equal to the force the ground exerts on the person. i.e. all forces are interactions.



Newton's third law does not say that all collisions are elastic, which is what you are proposing. When someone hits the floor most of the energy is absorbed by the person through deformation (as well as the floor, depending on what type of floor it is), but there is barely any rebound since people tend to not be very elastic. i.e. the deformation does not involve storing the energy to be released back into kinetic energy. Contrast this with a bouncy ball where much of the energy goes into deforming the ball, but since it is very elastic it is able to spring back and put energy back into motion. However, it is unlikely the collision is still perfectly elastic, as you seem to suggest in your question.



Your misunderstanding likely comes from the imprecise usage of the words "action" and "reaction". In this case, these words refer to just forces, not entire processes. You can get some confusing questions if you don't understand this. For example, why is it that when I open my refrigerator that my refrigerator doesn't also open me?






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$









  • 8




    $begingroup$
    Well, I can’t speak for you, but when I open my refrigerator my mouth invariably opens in return—I had always thought it was in anticipation of what is to follow, but perhaps the refrigerator had been returning the gesture after all !
    $endgroup$
    – eggyal
    11 hours ago






  • 8




    $begingroup$
    And, in fact, we cannot make persons more elastic but we can do it with the floor. In general, we call them trampolins. A person falling in a trampoline is very likely to bounce =)
    $endgroup$
    – jean
    10 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @DavidRicherby I suppose it depends on the type of floor as well, but that is a good point. I'll make an edit.
    $endgroup$
    – Aaron Stevens
    7 hours ago






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    That's deep. I'm going to tweak it and use it to sound wise. "When you take something out of the refrigerator, the refrigerator takes something out of you."
    $endgroup$
    – Lofty Withers
    6 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    If you're going to call a trampoline a floor, I get to call a pogostick rider a person
    $endgroup$
    – Foon
    6 hours ago



















6












$begingroup$

When you body hits the floor, it does receive an equal and opposite reaction force from the floor. But unlike a ball a body is an complex object. So not all energy is transferred back as kinetic energy. Some energy is used to produce sound, some is used to deform your body... etc. I think you are confusing force with energy. Does every ball bounce back the same amount? Newton's 3rd law talks about force only. More force doesn't always(mostly) equal to more work done.



In your case if all the force was used to change the body's kinetic energy somehow(which is not realistically possible), then it would have bounced back the same amount.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$





















    0












    $begingroup$


    If we push a person and he falls down then why doesn't he come back to its initial position. Although according to Newton's 3rd law of motion: To every action there is always equal but opposite reaction.




    That's not a correct statement of Newton's third law.



    Newton's third law of motion actually says: "If one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object also exerts a force on the first object, which is of the same magnitude but in the opposite direction."



    So in this case, what Newton's third law is saying is: "If the floor pushes up on a person with a certain amount of force, then the person pushes down on the floor with the same amount of force." From this, there's no reason to think that the person would bounce back to his initial position.






    share|cite|improve this answer









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      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes








      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes









      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes









      47












      $begingroup$

      Newton's third law just says when the person is hitting the floor the force the person exerts on the ground is equal to the force the ground exerts on the person. i.e. all forces are interactions.



      Newton's third law does not say that all collisions are elastic, which is what you are proposing. When someone hits the floor most of the energy is absorbed by the person through deformation (as well as the floor, depending on what type of floor it is), but there is barely any rebound since people tend to not be very elastic. i.e. the deformation does not involve storing the energy to be released back into kinetic energy. Contrast this with a bouncy ball where much of the energy goes into deforming the ball, but since it is very elastic it is able to spring back and put energy back into motion. However, it is unlikely the collision is still perfectly elastic, as you seem to suggest in your question.



      Your misunderstanding likely comes from the imprecise usage of the words "action" and "reaction". In this case, these words refer to just forces, not entire processes. You can get some confusing questions if you don't understand this. For example, why is it that when I open my refrigerator that my refrigerator doesn't also open me?






      share|cite|improve this answer











      $endgroup$









      • 8




        $begingroup$
        Well, I can’t speak for you, but when I open my refrigerator my mouth invariably opens in return—I had always thought it was in anticipation of what is to follow, but perhaps the refrigerator had been returning the gesture after all !
        $endgroup$
        – eggyal
        11 hours ago






      • 8




        $begingroup$
        And, in fact, we cannot make persons more elastic but we can do it with the floor. In general, we call them trampolins. A person falling in a trampoline is very likely to bounce =)
        $endgroup$
        – jean
        10 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        @DavidRicherby I suppose it depends on the type of floor as well, but that is a good point. I'll make an edit.
        $endgroup$
        – Aaron Stevens
        7 hours ago






      • 2




        $begingroup$
        That's deep. I'm going to tweak it and use it to sound wise. "When you take something out of the refrigerator, the refrigerator takes something out of you."
        $endgroup$
        – Lofty Withers
        6 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        If you're going to call a trampoline a floor, I get to call a pogostick rider a person
        $endgroup$
        – Foon
        6 hours ago
















      47












      $begingroup$

      Newton's third law just says when the person is hitting the floor the force the person exerts on the ground is equal to the force the ground exerts on the person. i.e. all forces are interactions.



      Newton's third law does not say that all collisions are elastic, which is what you are proposing. When someone hits the floor most of the energy is absorbed by the person through deformation (as well as the floor, depending on what type of floor it is), but there is barely any rebound since people tend to not be very elastic. i.e. the deformation does not involve storing the energy to be released back into kinetic energy. Contrast this with a bouncy ball where much of the energy goes into deforming the ball, but since it is very elastic it is able to spring back and put energy back into motion. However, it is unlikely the collision is still perfectly elastic, as you seem to suggest in your question.



      Your misunderstanding likely comes from the imprecise usage of the words "action" and "reaction". In this case, these words refer to just forces, not entire processes. You can get some confusing questions if you don't understand this. For example, why is it that when I open my refrigerator that my refrigerator doesn't also open me?






      share|cite|improve this answer











      $endgroup$









      • 8




        $begingroup$
        Well, I can’t speak for you, but when I open my refrigerator my mouth invariably opens in return—I had always thought it was in anticipation of what is to follow, but perhaps the refrigerator had been returning the gesture after all !
        $endgroup$
        – eggyal
        11 hours ago






      • 8




        $begingroup$
        And, in fact, we cannot make persons more elastic but we can do it with the floor. In general, we call them trampolins. A person falling in a trampoline is very likely to bounce =)
        $endgroup$
        – jean
        10 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        @DavidRicherby I suppose it depends on the type of floor as well, but that is a good point. I'll make an edit.
        $endgroup$
        – Aaron Stevens
        7 hours ago






      • 2




        $begingroup$
        That's deep. I'm going to tweak it and use it to sound wise. "When you take something out of the refrigerator, the refrigerator takes something out of you."
        $endgroup$
        – Lofty Withers
        6 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        If you're going to call a trampoline a floor, I get to call a pogostick rider a person
        $endgroup$
        – Foon
        6 hours ago














      47












      47








      47





      $begingroup$

      Newton's third law just says when the person is hitting the floor the force the person exerts on the ground is equal to the force the ground exerts on the person. i.e. all forces are interactions.



      Newton's third law does not say that all collisions are elastic, which is what you are proposing. When someone hits the floor most of the energy is absorbed by the person through deformation (as well as the floor, depending on what type of floor it is), but there is barely any rebound since people tend to not be very elastic. i.e. the deformation does not involve storing the energy to be released back into kinetic energy. Contrast this with a bouncy ball where much of the energy goes into deforming the ball, but since it is very elastic it is able to spring back and put energy back into motion. However, it is unlikely the collision is still perfectly elastic, as you seem to suggest in your question.



      Your misunderstanding likely comes from the imprecise usage of the words "action" and "reaction". In this case, these words refer to just forces, not entire processes. You can get some confusing questions if you don't understand this. For example, why is it that when I open my refrigerator that my refrigerator doesn't also open me?






      share|cite|improve this answer











      $endgroup$



      Newton's third law just says when the person is hitting the floor the force the person exerts on the ground is equal to the force the ground exerts on the person. i.e. all forces are interactions.



      Newton's third law does not say that all collisions are elastic, which is what you are proposing. When someone hits the floor most of the energy is absorbed by the person through deformation (as well as the floor, depending on what type of floor it is), but there is barely any rebound since people tend to not be very elastic. i.e. the deformation does not involve storing the energy to be released back into kinetic energy. Contrast this with a bouncy ball where much of the energy goes into deforming the ball, but since it is very elastic it is able to spring back and put energy back into motion. However, it is unlikely the collision is still perfectly elastic, as you seem to suggest in your question.



      Your misunderstanding likely comes from the imprecise usage of the words "action" and "reaction". In this case, these words refer to just forces, not entire processes. You can get some confusing questions if you don't understand this. For example, why is it that when I open my refrigerator that my refrigerator doesn't also open me?







      share|cite|improve this answer














      share|cite|improve this answer



      share|cite|improve this answer








      edited 7 hours ago

























      answered 13 hours ago









      Aaron StevensAaron Stevens

      14.5k42453




      14.5k42453








      • 8




        $begingroup$
        Well, I can’t speak for you, but when I open my refrigerator my mouth invariably opens in return—I had always thought it was in anticipation of what is to follow, but perhaps the refrigerator had been returning the gesture after all !
        $endgroup$
        – eggyal
        11 hours ago






      • 8




        $begingroup$
        And, in fact, we cannot make persons more elastic but we can do it with the floor. In general, we call them trampolins. A person falling in a trampoline is very likely to bounce =)
        $endgroup$
        – jean
        10 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        @DavidRicherby I suppose it depends on the type of floor as well, but that is a good point. I'll make an edit.
        $endgroup$
        – Aaron Stevens
        7 hours ago






      • 2




        $begingroup$
        That's deep. I'm going to tweak it and use it to sound wise. "When you take something out of the refrigerator, the refrigerator takes something out of you."
        $endgroup$
        – Lofty Withers
        6 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        If you're going to call a trampoline a floor, I get to call a pogostick rider a person
        $endgroup$
        – Foon
        6 hours ago














      • 8




        $begingroup$
        Well, I can’t speak for you, but when I open my refrigerator my mouth invariably opens in return—I had always thought it was in anticipation of what is to follow, but perhaps the refrigerator had been returning the gesture after all !
        $endgroup$
        – eggyal
        11 hours ago






      • 8




        $begingroup$
        And, in fact, we cannot make persons more elastic but we can do it with the floor. In general, we call them trampolins. A person falling in a trampoline is very likely to bounce =)
        $endgroup$
        – jean
        10 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        @DavidRicherby I suppose it depends on the type of floor as well, but that is a good point. I'll make an edit.
        $endgroup$
        – Aaron Stevens
        7 hours ago






      • 2




        $begingroup$
        That's deep. I'm going to tweak it and use it to sound wise. "When you take something out of the refrigerator, the refrigerator takes something out of you."
        $endgroup$
        – Lofty Withers
        6 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        If you're going to call a trampoline a floor, I get to call a pogostick rider a person
        $endgroup$
        – Foon
        6 hours ago








      8




      8




      $begingroup$
      Well, I can’t speak for you, but when I open my refrigerator my mouth invariably opens in return—I had always thought it was in anticipation of what is to follow, but perhaps the refrigerator had been returning the gesture after all !
      $endgroup$
      – eggyal
      11 hours ago




      $begingroup$
      Well, I can’t speak for you, but when I open my refrigerator my mouth invariably opens in return—I had always thought it was in anticipation of what is to follow, but perhaps the refrigerator had been returning the gesture after all !
      $endgroup$
      – eggyal
      11 hours ago




      8




      8




      $begingroup$
      And, in fact, we cannot make persons more elastic but we can do it with the floor. In general, we call them trampolins. A person falling in a trampoline is very likely to bounce =)
      $endgroup$
      – jean
      10 hours ago




      $begingroup$
      And, in fact, we cannot make persons more elastic but we can do it with the floor. In general, we call them trampolins. A person falling in a trampoline is very likely to bounce =)
      $endgroup$
      – jean
      10 hours ago












      $begingroup$
      @DavidRicherby I suppose it depends on the type of floor as well, but that is a good point. I'll make an edit.
      $endgroup$
      – Aaron Stevens
      7 hours ago




      $begingroup$
      @DavidRicherby I suppose it depends on the type of floor as well, but that is a good point. I'll make an edit.
      $endgroup$
      – Aaron Stevens
      7 hours ago




      2




      2




      $begingroup$
      That's deep. I'm going to tweak it and use it to sound wise. "When you take something out of the refrigerator, the refrigerator takes something out of you."
      $endgroup$
      – Lofty Withers
      6 hours ago




      $begingroup$
      That's deep. I'm going to tweak it and use it to sound wise. "When you take something out of the refrigerator, the refrigerator takes something out of you."
      $endgroup$
      – Lofty Withers
      6 hours ago












      $begingroup$
      If you're going to call a trampoline a floor, I get to call a pogostick rider a person
      $endgroup$
      – Foon
      6 hours ago




      $begingroup$
      If you're going to call a trampoline a floor, I get to call a pogostick rider a person
      $endgroup$
      – Foon
      6 hours ago











      6












      $begingroup$

      When you body hits the floor, it does receive an equal and opposite reaction force from the floor. But unlike a ball a body is an complex object. So not all energy is transferred back as kinetic energy. Some energy is used to produce sound, some is used to deform your body... etc. I think you are confusing force with energy. Does every ball bounce back the same amount? Newton's 3rd law talks about force only. More force doesn't always(mostly) equal to more work done.



      In your case if all the force was used to change the body's kinetic energy somehow(which is not realistically possible), then it would have bounced back the same amount.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$


















        6












        $begingroup$

        When you body hits the floor, it does receive an equal and opposite reaction force from the floor. But unlike a ball a body is an complex object. So not all energy is transferred back as kinetic energy. Some energy is used to produce sound, some is used to deform your body... etc. I think you are confusing force with energy. Does every ball bounce back the same amount? Newton's 3rd law talks about force only. More force doesn't always(mostly) equal to more work done.



        In your case if all the force was used to change the body's kinetic energy somehow(which is not realistically possible), then it would have bounced back the same amount.






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$
















          6












          6








          6





          $begingroup$

          When you body hits the floor, it does receive an equal and opposite reaction force from the floor. But unlike a ball a body is an complex object. So not all energy is transferred back as kinetic energy. Some energy is used to produce sound, some is used to deform your body... etc. I think you are confusing force with energy. Does every ball bounce back the same amount? Newton's 3rd law talks about force only. More force doesn't always(mostly) equal to more work done.



          In your case if all the force was used to change the body's kinetic energy somehow(which is not realistically possible), then it would have bounced back the same amount.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$



          When you body hits the floor, it does receive an equal and opposite reaction force from the floor. But unlike a ball a body is an complex object. So not all energy is transferred back as kinetic energy. Some energy is used to produce sound, some is used to deform your body... etc. I think you are confusing force with energy. Does every ball bounce back the same amount? Newton's 3rd law talks about force only. More force doesn't always(mostly) equal to more work done.



          In your case if all the force was used to change the body's kinetic energy somehow(which is not realistically possible), then it would have bounced back the same amount.







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          answered 13 hours ago









          LikhonLikhon

          1069




          1069























              0












              $begingroup$


              If we push a person and he falls down then why doesn't he come back to its initial position. Although according to Newton's 3rd law of motion: To every action there is always equal but opposite reaction.




              That's not a correct statement of Newton's third law.



              Newton's third law of motion actually says: "If one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object also exerts a force on the first object, which is of the same magnitude but in the opposite direction."



              So in this case, what Newton's third law is saying is: "If the floor pushes up on a person with a certain amount of force, then the person pushes down on the floor with the same amount of force." From this, there's no reason to think that the person would bounce back to his initial position.






              share|cite|improve this answer









              $endgroup$


















                0












                $begingroup$


                If we push a person and he falls down then why doesn't he come back to its initial position. Although according to Newton's 3rd law of motion: To every action there is always equal but opposite reaction.




                That's not a correct statement of Newton's third law.



                Newton's third law of motion actually says: "If one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object also exerts a force on the first object, which is of the same magnitude but in the opposite direction."



                So in this case, what Newton's third law is saying is: "If the floor pushes up on a person with a certain amount of force, then the person pushes down on the floor with the same amount of force." From this, there's no reason to think that the person would bounce back to his initial position.






                share|cite|improve this answer









                $endgroup$
















                  0












                  0








                  0





                  $begingroup$


                  If we push a person and he falls down then why doesn't he come back to its initial position. Although according to Newton's 3rd law of motion: To every action there is always equal but opposite reaction.




                  That's not a correct statement of Newton's third law.



                  Newton's third law of motion actually says: "If one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object also exerts a force on the first object, which is of the same magnitude but in the opposite direction."



                  So in this case, what Newton's third law is saying is: "If the floor pushes up on a person with a certain amount of force, then the person pushes down on the floor with the same amount of force." From this, there's no reason to think that the person would bounce back to his initial position.






                  share|cite|improve this answer









                  $endgroup$




                  If we push a person and he falls down then why doesn't he come back to its initial position. Although according to Newton's 3rd law of motion: To every action there is always equal but opposite reaction.




                  That's not a correct statement of Newton's third law.



                  Newton's third law of motion actually says: "If one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object also exerts a force on the first object, which is of the same magnitude but in the opposite direction."



                  So in this case, what Newton's third law is saying is: "If the floor pushes up on a person with a certain amount of force, then the person pushes down on the floor with the same amount of force." From this, there's no reason to think that the person would bounce back to his initial position.







                  share|cite|improve this answer












                  share|cite|improve this answer



                  share|cite|improve this answer










                  answered 5 hours ago









                  Tanner SwettTanner Swett

                  1518




                  1518






















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